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Türk Mitolojisinde Avul İyesi ve Ayalar - Mitoloji Avul İyesi ve Ayalar Avul İyesi – Türk, Altay ve Moğol mitolojilerinde köyün koruyucu ruhudur. Değişik Türk dillerinde Avıl (Ağıl) İyesi şeklinde de söylenir. Moğollar Ayıl Ezen derler. Köy İyesi olarak da bilinir.
Özellikleri
Her köy için ayrı bir koruyucu ruh vardır. Köy kavramı yerleşik kültür ile ortaya çıkmış fakat bu yerleşiklik yinede Yörük yaşam biçimine bağlı olarak kışın bir yerde yazın farklı bir yerde konaklama biçiminde yarı göçebe bir uygulamaya dönüşmüştür. Yazın yüksek ve serin , hayvanların daha iyi yayılabiceği yerlere (Yazla/Yayla), kışın ise kuytu ve korunaklı bölgelere (Kışla) dönüşümlü olarak göçülmüştür. Bazen “Bucak İyesi” tabiri de kullanılır. Anadoluda Bucak sözcüğü küçük bir anlam kayması ile ilçeden küçük, köyden büyük birim (Nahiye) için kullanılmaya başlamıştır.
Türk Mitolojisinde Avul İyesi ve Ayalar 14Fakat yaklaşık bir anlamla köyün koruyucu ruhu olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Hattâ az kullanılmakla beraber Güzlek (Sonbaharda kalınan yer) ve Köklek (İlkbaharda kalınan yer) sözcükleri de mevcuttur. Kırgızlar hem kışlık ve hem de yazlık daimi mesken için catak sözünü kullanırlar. Cataka kalmak sözü ise yaylaya göçmeksizin kışlakta oturmak manasına gelir.
Bucak (Buçak): (Buc/Buç) kökünden türemiştir. Nahiye demektir. Büyük çaplı ve merkezi bir köydür. Etrafında başka köyler vardır.Catak (Çatak): (Cat/Yat) kökünden türemiştir. Yaz-kış sürekli kalınan köy. Yatılan yer demektir. Kıştak (Kışlak): (Kış) kökünden türemiştir. Kışlamak kökünden gelir. Kışın kalınan Köy demektir. Yazdak (Yaylak): (Yaz) kökünden türemiştir. Yaylamak kökünden gelir. Yazın kalınan Köy demektir. İyi Ruh AyaTürk Mitolojisinde Avul İyesi ve Ayalar 15 Aya – Türk ve Altay mitolojisinde İyi Ruh. Ayalar biçiminde çoğul olarak kullanılır. Hayırsever ruhların ve meleklerin genel adıdır. Çoğunlukla gökyüzünde yaşarlar. 17 farklı iyicil ruh kategorisinin tamamını anlatır. Karşıtı Aza’dır. Yeryüzündeki tüm yaratıcılığın, bereketin, sevginin kaynağıdırlar. Ayaçı (Ayatçı) tabiri yaratıcı ruhlar için kullanılır. Ayıhı şeklinde de ifâde edilir. Bu tabir Yakut mitolojisinde Abası’nın karşıtı olarak yer alır. Türklerde, İslâmiyetteki melek sözcüğünü karşıladığını öne sürenler de bulunmaktadır.
Aylanu (Aylânu) veya AylanıAylanu (Aylânu) – Türk mitolojisinde ve halk inancında can değiştirme, yâni bir başkasının yerine kendi canını verme, “Öz Yerine Öz” anlayışı. Aylanı da denir.
Eşanlamlı olarak “Köçöt (Köçüt) ” tabiri de kullanılır. (Köç/Göç kökünden türemiştir. Göçmek, gitmek anlamı taşır.) Bir kişinin başkasının yerine ölmeyi kabul etmesidir. En güzel ve en yetkin örneği Deli Dumrul öyküsünde yer alır. İnsanın ne kadar özveri ve erdem sahibi olduğunun ilâhi bir kudret tarafından ölçülmesidir.
İnsanın gerektiğinde ailesi ve dolayısıyla vatanı uğruna canından vazgeçip geçemeyeceği sınanır. Sözcüğün “başına dolayım, azizim, canım” gibi anlamları olduğu söylenir. Aldacı (İslam sonrası Azrail) ile karşılaşan Deli Dumrul’un ana babası onun yerine ölmeyi kabul etmezler. Yalnız karısı kabul eder. Bunun üzerine Aldaçı, Dumrul ve karısını bağışlar, ana babasını ceza olarak öldürür. Tingöçü (reenkarnasyon) ile karıştırılmamalıdır. Çok farklı bir olgudur. Burada bir değiştokuş sözkonusudur.
Aysar Durumunda OlmaAysar – Türk ve Anadolu halk inancında değişken karakterli kişi ve onun değişken karakteri. Ay’a (ayın hareketleri ile evrelerine ve belki de dünyaya olan mesafesine) bağlı olarak karakteri ve huyu değişen kişi ve onun yaşadığı psikolojik durum.
Aysamak fiili de aynı şekilde bu değişken ruh halini ve sonuçlarını anlatmakta kullanılır. Batı mitoloji ve masallarında yer alan ve dolunayda kurda dönüşen Erbörü (Kurt Adam ) motifi bu anlayışın bir dışavurumudur. Ayın hareketleri ve evreleri insanoğlunun daima ilgisini çekmiş ve bunlara değişik anlamlar yüklenmiştir.
Ayın Etkileri
Eskiden insanların Ay’ın hareketleriyle ilgili gördükleri etkilerin büyük bir kısmının boş inançlar olduğu kesinleşmiş durumdadır. Eski uygarlıklarda ve halk inançlarında insanların uykularında gezinmeleri dolunay ışığı tarafından çekilmelerine bağlanmıştır. Dolunayın ışığının pencereden içeri girmesinin rüyâları bile etkilediğine, dolunayda cinsel içgüdülerin, tarlaların bereketlerinin arttığına hattâ Kurt Adama dönüşüldüğüne bile inanılmıştır. Günümüzde ise Ay’ın evrelerine bağlı olarak depremlerin, kasırgaların arttığı, hattâ cinayetlerin, intiharların, kazaların çoğaldığı; kadınların aybaşları ve hastaların sara nöbetleri ile ayın çekim gücü arasında ilişki bulunduğu öne sürülmektedir.
Ancak Ay ile ile bahsedilen olaylar arasında henüz bilimsel bir ilişki saptanamamıştır. Ay’ın dünyadaki denizlerde ve okyanuslarda ‘gel-git’ denilen, suların alçalması ve yükselmesi olayı üzerinde doğrudan etkisi olduğu bilimsel bir gerçektir. İnsan bedeninin büyük kısmı sudan oluştuğuna göre, Ay’ın hereketleri vücûdumuzu da etkileyebilir mi? sorusu ise bazı bilim adamlarının dikkatini çekmiştir. Fakat insan vücûdunda suyun oranı, okyanuslardaki su miktarı ile kıyaslanamayacak kadar azdır.
Dolunay evresinde Ay’ın parlaklığı da çok önemli bir etken değildir, çünkü en parlak olduğu anda bile Ay’ın dünyaya gönderdiği ışık miktarı Güneş’in gönderdiğinin 600 binde biri kadardır
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Mitolog; mitoloji hayatın bir parçasıdır, eskiyi daha iyi anlayabilmek için mitolojiyide incelemek gerekir. Mitoloji hayatımızın bir parçasıdır....
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