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Ehecatl Aztek Mitolojisi - Mitoloji Ehecatl Aztek Mitolojisi Ehecatl, özellikle yağmur getiren hava ve rüzgarların Mezoamerikan tanrısıydı. Büyük tüylü yılan tanrısı Quetzalcoatl’ın bir tezahürü olarak kabul edilirdi , bazen Quetzalcoatl-Ehecatl olarak bilinirdi, bu kılıkta Aztek yaratılış mitinde insanlığın yaratılmasına yardımcı oldu ve maguey bitkisinin armağanını verdi. Ayrıca ana yönler, renkler ve çeşitli takvim tarihleriyle ilişkilendirildi.
Ehecatl, Nahuatl dilinde ‘rüzgar’ anlamına gelir. Muhtemelen onun şerefine birçok dairesel veya kavisli tapınak inşa eden Huastec kökenlidir, diğer adı olan 9. Rüzgar gününde çakmak taşından doğduğunu düşünen Aztekler tarafından evlat edinilmiştir.
Ayrıca Aztek takvimindeki 2. güne onun adını vermişlerdir. Ehecatl, genel olarak rüzgarın yanı sıra çeşitli çağrışımlar edinmiştir, bunların arasında takvim tarihleri 6 Ehecatl güneş , 7 Ehecatl insanlığın yaratıldığı gün ve 9 Ehecatl dört yönden gelen rüzgarlardır. İkinci trecena’nın (takvimin bir zaman dilimi) 1 Jaguar’ın koruyucusudur.
Tanrı , Mezoamerikan panteonunun en önemli tanrılarından biri olan tüylü yılan tanrısı Quetzalcoatl’ın bir tezahürü veya rüzgar yönü olarak kabul edildiğinden , bazen Quetzalcoatl-Ehecatl olarak anılır. Bu nedenle, iki tarih daha onun adını taşır: 1 Ehecatl Iztac Tezcatlipoca (‘Beyaz’ Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl’ın eşdeğeridir) ve 4 Ehecatl Xolotl (Xolotl, Quetzalcoatl’ın ikizi).
Quetzalcoatl-Ehecatl ayrıca, özellikle batı yönünde, dört gök taşıyan tanrıdan biriydi. Ehecatl, tüccarların koruyucu azizi olarak kabul edilirdi ve muhtemelen büyük hızları nedeniyle örümcek maymunlarıyla ilişkilendirilirdi. Postklasik heykel ve kodekslerde Ehecatl konik bir şapka ve ördek gagalı bir maske takmaktadır.
Popol Vuh aztek Yaratılış MitolojisiEhecatl, Aztek Yaratılış mitolojisinde, önce kozmosun 2. güneşi Nahui Ehecatl olarak, sonra da şimdiki dünyanın yaratılışı sırasında 5. ve son güneş olarak yer alır. Efsanenin bir versiyonuna göre, Quetzalcoatl Ehecatl kılığına girmiş ve Yeraltı Dünyasına inmiş ve burada insanları bu dünyada yaratmak için eski dünyaların sakinlerinin kemiklerini çalmıştır.
Yeraltı Dünyası tanrısı Mictlantecuhtli , insanların istedikleri zaman kendi diyarına girmesinden hiç de memnun değildi ve bu yüzden Ehecatl’ı ancak bir şekilde bir deniz kabuğundan müzik çıkarabilirse serbest bırakıyordu . Ehecatl, kurnazca solucanların içine delikler açmasını ve arıların içinde vızıldayarak muazzam bir ses çıkarmasını sağlayarak özgürlüğünü garanti altına aldı.
Ehecatl ayrıca 5. Güneş ve Ay’ın hareketine de yardımcı oldu. Bunlar ikiz kardeşler Nanahuatzin ve Tecuciztecatl kendilerini kurban ateşine attıklarında yaratılmıştı. Ancak sorun şu ki, hiçbir gök cismi hareket edemiyordu ve bu yüzden Ehecatl, en azından bir versiyonda, onları kendi yörüngelerine fırlatmakla görevlendirilmişti.
Maya ve Aztek Tanrıları ve Tanrıçaları Arasındaki Benzerlikler Ehecatl ve MayahuelEhecatl bazen insanlığa önemli maguey bitkisini ( Agave americana ) vermekle tanınır . Bu kaktüs türü dikenleri için yararlıydı ve suyu alkollü içecek pulque’ye fermente edildi . Hikaye, Ehecatl’ın genç ve güzel bir tanrıça olan Mayahuel’i göklerden inip sevgilisi olmaya ikna etmesiyle başlar.
Yeryüzünde, ikisi birbirine dolanmış bir çift ağaç gibi kucaklaştılar ancak coşkuları kısa sürede Mayahuel’in koruyucusu olan ‘büyükanne’ tanrıça Tzitzmitl tarafından kaba bir şekilde bölündü. Yaşlı tanrıça ağacı ikiye böldü ve parçaları iblis takipçileri Tzitzimime’ye yedirdi. Daha güçlü bir tanrı olan Ehecatl bu bölümde zarar görmedi ve bu yüzden bulabildiği Mayahuel parçalarını toplayıp bir tarlaya ekti.
Bu kalıntılar daha sonra maguey bitkisine dönüştü. Pulque’nin yanı sıra insanlığa genellikle Ehecatl’a atfedilen iki hediye daha müzik ve mısırdır.
Aztek Mitolojisi ve Aztek Mitoloji Sözlüğü TapınaklarEhecatl ve diğer rüzgar tanrılarına adanmış Mezoamerikan tapınakları, normal kare piramidin aksine dairesel olmaları veya kavisli bir uç içermeleri bakımından farklıdır. Bu tür binaların çatısı da genellikle konikti. Bu tasarım, onurlandırdıkları tanrının rüzgarları için aerodinamik olarak davetkar hale getirme arzusunu yansıtıyor olabilir.
Kapılar genellikle dev bir yılanın çeneleri şeklindedir. Bu, Mezoamerikan halklarının rüzgarların geldiği düşünülen Yeraltı Dünyası’na giriş olarak kabul ettiği mağaraların taklidi olabilir.
Sanatta TemsilMS 12. yüzyıldan önce tanrının bilinen bir tasviri yoktur, ancak MS 9. yüzyıla tarihlenen Maya Seibal’dan iki stel, gagaya benzer bir yüze sahip bir tanrıyı tasvir eder. Ehecatl, en sık Postklasik heykellerde ve kodekslerde, konik bir şapka ve ördek gagası maskesi veya yüzünün alt kısmını kaplayan yanak (bazen gaganın köşelerinde dişler olsa da, yağmur tanrılarının ortak bir özelliği) takarak tasvir edilir.
Renkliyse, vücudu siyaha ve yüz maskesi kırmızıya boyanır. Bazen deniz kabukları, özellikle de Yeraltı Dünyası’ndan ıslık çalarak çıkış yolunu bulduğu bir göğüs zırhı olarak giydiği deniz kabuğu ( ehecacozcatl veya ‘rüzgar mücevheri’) takar.
Deniz kabukları, tanrının kıyı Huastec kökenlerine dair başka bir ipucu olabilir. Tanrının en ünlü heykellerinden biri, Toluca Vadisi’ndeki Calixtlahuaca’da Quetzalcoatl-Ehecatl’a adanmış bir tapınaktandır . Tanrı 1,76 m boyunda, kaskatı ve gagalı maskesinden ilahi rüzgarlarını üflemeye hazır bir şekilde duruyor. Şu anda Mexico City’deki Ulusal Antropoloji Müzesi’nde sergileniyor.
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Odite mercatores religionem ( Dini kullanarak, insanları kandırdığını sanan insanlardan nefret ederim. Anlamı budur)
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