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Türk Halk Kültüründe Çarşamba İnancı ve Çarşamba Karısı - Mitoloji Çarşamba İnancı ve Çarşamba Karısı Çarşamba – Türklerde haftanın çalışma günü olarak sonudur ve bu nedenle bu güne değişik anlamlar yüklenmektedir. Diğer günlerden farklı olarak görülmektedir. Nevruzdan önceki son dört Çarşambaya özellikle Azeri kültüründe ayrı bir önem verilir.
Od, Su, Yel, Toprak ÇarşambalarıNevruzdan önceki son dört Çarşambadır. Genel olarak Çarşamba günlerinde ve özellikle bu son dört Çarşambada geceleri dikkatli olunması ve doğa ruhlarına saygısızlık yapılmaması gerektiğine inanılır.
Türk Halk Kültüründe Çarşamba İnancı ve Çarşamba Karısı 14 Su Çarşambası: Buna “Ezel Çarşamba “, “Sular Nevruzu ” da derler. Su ve su kaynakları tazelenir, su havzalarında imar çalışmaları yapılır. Suya tapma inancı ile ilgilidir. Henüz gün doğmadan herkes su üstüne gider, elini-yüzünü yıkar, su üstünden atlar, yaralıların yarasına ve birbirlerinin üzerine su serper. Halkın inancına göre o gün sudan geçenler yıl boyunca hastalıktan uzak olurlar. Aynı gün su üstünde çeşitli törenler yapılır, eski Türklerde su tanrıları sayılan Aban ve Yadan’ın şerefine türküler okunur.
Od Çarşambası: Azerbaycanlıların eski bayramlarından biri olan Nevruz yaratılışın aşamalarını yansıtan dört unsur – su, ateş, rüzgâr ve toprakla ilgili törenlerin kutlanması geleneklerini içerir. Yılın son çarşambalarından biri halk arasında Üskü çarşamba, Addı Çarşamba olarak bilinen gündür. Bu çarşamba eski insanların Güneş’e, oda olan kutsal inancından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çevre ve geleneklere göre, bu gün ateş yakıp, ateşin üzerinden atlamakla içte bulunan tüm kötülük ve çirkinlikleri yakmış olurlar.
Yel Çarşambası: Bu günde esen sıcak rüzgârlar yazın gelişini haber verir. Halk arasında “Rüzgâr uyandıran Çarşamba”, “Rüzgârlı Çarşamba” olarak bilinir. Uyanan yel, uyanmış suyu, ateşi harekete geçirir. Rüzgârın bir tanrı olduğuna ilişkin çeşitli nağme, efsane , rivâyet ve inançlar oluşmuştur. Nevruz şenliklerindeki Yel Baba töreni kendi kökü itibariyle Yel Tanrısı inancı ile ilgilidir. O gece söğüt ağacının altına gidip Yel baba çağırılır. Eğer Yel baba sesi duyup eserse ve söğüdün dallarını toprağa dokundurursa, dilek yerine gelmiş demektir.
Toprak Çarşambası: Nevruz öncesi son çarşambada yer uyanır, toprak nefes alır. Bu çarşamba halk arasında “Yer Çarşambası” veya “Yılahır Çarşamba” olarak adlandırılır. İnanca göre toprak artık ekine hazır olur ve ona tohum serpilebilir. Efsâneye göre kişilerin gıda kıtlığından eziyet çektikleri bu günde Su, Ateş ve Yel birlikte Toprak Hatunun yeraltı tapınağına misafir gelirler, burada yatmakta olan toprağı uyandırırlar.
Çarşamba KarısıÇarşamba Karısı – Türkçe’de ‘saçı başı karmakarışık, üstü başı özensiz kadın’ anlamında kullanılır, zaman zaman Alkarısı ’na tekabül eder.
Türk Halk Kültüründe Çarşamba İnancı ve Çarşamba Karısı 15 Çarşamba gecesi işe başlanırsa, kızan ve o eve kötülük yapan kötücül çirkin bir kadın olarak tanımlanan Çarşamba Karısı , gelip -genelde- evin çocuğunu her kesin gözü önünde alıp götürür. (‘Kaçırmak’ta, kaçırılan canlı ya da cansız nesnenin sahibinden korkma duygusu ile ‘Aman bu çocuğun sahipleri gelmeden kendisini alıp kaçırayım’ şeklinde tanımlanabilecek bir telaş gizlidir.
Oysa Çarşamba Karısı hortlak veya hayâlettir ki hortlak ve hayâletlerin de ne çocuğun anne babası, ne de bir başkasından herhangi bir korkusu bulunabilir ve bu nedenle de Çarşamba Karısı’nın çocukları kaçırması değil, onları herkesin gözü önünde alıp gitmesi söz konusu edilmelidir) Yine anadolu inançlarında haftanın belirli bir günü, yarım kalan işlerin olduğu evlere gelerek işleri karıştıran, insanlara kötülük yapan dişi varlık olarak tanımlanır.
Mitolojik bir yaratıktan ziyade hortlak, hayâlet, -genel anlamda- cin , peri , öcü , dunganga türünde bir memorat unsurudur.
Çay NinesiÇay Ninesi – Türk ve Azeri halk kültüründe çaylarda (derelerde, ırmaklarda) yaşadığına inanılan ruhani bir varlık. Su merasimi ile bağlantısı olan olan mitolojik bir ruhtur.
Etimolojik olarak bakıldığında Çay İyesi –> Çay İnesi –> Çay Ninesi şeklindeki bir dönüşümle oluşmuş bir sözcüktür.
Türk Halk Kültüründe Çarşamba İnancı ve Çarşamba Karısı 16 Azerbaycan Türklerinin geleneksel inançlarında yaşlı kadın kılığında, çayda (ırmakta) yaşadığına inanılır. Çay Ninesi, köprüden geçerken suya çok bakılırsa kızar ve insanın başını döndürür. Başı dönen insanın gözleri kararır ve çaya düşer.
Azerbaycanlılar, sabah suya gidildiğinde, “su sahibi”ne selam verilmesi gerektiğini düşünürler. Suya çöp ve pislik dökmek yasaktır. Bu “Çay Ninesi”ni sinirlendirir ve insanlara zarar verir.
Diğer Türk halklarında da, “Çay Ninesi”ne benzer varlıklar bulunur. Kazan ve Sibirya Tatarlarında, Kumuklarda ve Karaçaylardaki “Su Anası”na (Suğ Anası, Suv Anası) çok benzer. Başkurtlara göre, Su Sahipleri‘ nin hepsi suda yaşarlar. İnsanlara da hiçbir zarar vermezler. Onların yaşadıkları sarayın girişi, nehirlerin derinliklerinde bir taşın altındadır.
Kazaklar “Su Perisi”, Türkmenler “Suv Adamı”, Özbekler “Su Alvastısı” adı verirler.
ÇikeÇike – Türk ve Tatar mitolojisinde Şarkı Cini. Şeke veya Çeke olarak da bilinir. Dirsek boyunda bir cücedir. Yanına gelenlere destan okutturup, şarkı söyletir. Ağaçların altında yaşar, zararsızdır. Bazen dediğini yaptırabilmek için insanları korkutur. Yakaladığı kişiye saatlerce yır (şarkı) veya kay (destan) okuttuğu olur.
Çuvaşlarda “Çike Suhal” adını verilir ve “Boyu bir karış, sakalı iki karış” olarak tasvir edilir.
ÇıvıÇıvı – Altay ve Türk halk inanışında Savaş Cini. Çığı veya Çiği de denir. Geceleri birbirlerine ok attıkları söylenir. Bu nedenle bu varlıkların bulunduğu bilinen yerlerde dışarıya çıkmaya korkulur ve mecbur kalınıp çıkıldığında da temkinli davranılır. Divan-ı Lügat-it Türk de şöyle yazmaktadır:
“Çıvı cinlerden bir bölüktür. Türkler şuna inanırdı ki, iki bölük birbiriyle çarpıştığı zaman bu iki bölüğün vilâyetlerinde oturan cinler dâhi kendi vilâyetlerinin halkını kollamak için çarpışırlar. Cinlerden hangi taraf yenerse onlardan yana çıktığı vilâyet halkı da yener. Geceleyin bu cinlerden hangisi kaçarsa onların bulunduğu vilâyetin hakanı da kaçar. Türk askerleri geceleyin cinlerin attıkları oktan korunmak için çadırlarında saklanırlar. Bu, Türkler arasında yaygındır, görenektir.”
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Mitolog; mitoloji hayatın bir parçasıdır, eskiyi daha iyi anlayabilmek için mitolojiyide incelemek gerekir. Mitoloji hayatımızın bir parçasıdır....
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