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Karşıtlık: Aydınlığın Bitmeyen Savaşı - Mitoloji Karşıtlık Karşıtlık – Nitelik ve durumları itibariyle birbirine ve aykırı ve birbirlerinin karşısında, ters kutuplarında yer alan kavram ve olgular ile bunların durumları. Zıtlık, tezat. Kâinat ve yaşam döngüsü zıtların birlikteliği üzerine kuruludur
Yeryüzündeki gelmiş geçmiş medeniyetlerin tamamında bir biçimde varlıklarını hissettirirler. İslam dini âlemde her şeyin zıddıyla mevcut olduğunu açıkça ifâde eder.
“Herşeyden iki çift yarattık ki düşünüp anlayabilesiniz.” (Zariyat-49)
Fakat İslam dinine göre, iyilik daha ağır basar. Allah’ın Cemal sıfatlarının Celal sıfatlarına göre daha fazla kendisini belli ettiğini kabul eder.
Karşıtlık: Aydınlığın Bitmeyen Savaşı 14 Maniheizmde Aydınlık ve Karanlığın hiç bitmeyen ebedi ve ezeli savaşı anlatılır ve bu din bütünüyle ikili ve karşıtlıklar üzerine kurulu bir anlayış üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu aynı zamanda İyi ile Kötünün (ve de İyilik ve Kötülüğün) savaşıdır.
Birbirlerini mağlup edemezler. Türklerin düşmanlığa karşı bakış açısında, iyilik ve aydınlık her zaman önde gelir. Örneğin, Ülgen kesinlikle Erlik’ten daha güçlüdür. Çin kültüründe Yin ve Yang , bu zıtlıkları simgeleyen ve bir araya geldiklerinde tam bir daire oluşturan iki balık sembolüdür. Moğol bayrağında da bulunur. Bu balıkların göz renkleri ise balığın rengine göre zıt olabilir. Siyah balıkta beyaz göz, beyaz balıkta siyah göz bulunabilir. Dolayısıyla, her şeyin gerçek özü ve temeli aslında kendi zıddından oluşmaktadır.
İyiliğin özünde kötülük vardır, çünkü iyilik kötülüğü yok etmeyi planlar bu da bir çeşit kötülüktür. Kötülük ise iyiliği ortadan kaldırdığında düşmansız kalacak böylece de kendi kendisiyle çelişecektir ki bu durumda da barış ortaya çıkacaktır. Ortadoğu kökenli dinlerde Âdem toprağı, Havva göğü sembolize eder.
Yakın târih içerisinde felsefi olarak Tez+Antitez=Sentez olarak formülleştirilen mantığı bütün bu dinsel anlayışların bilimselleştirilmiş bir bağıntısından başka bir şey değildir.
Karşıtlık: Aydınlığın Bitmeyen Savaşı 15 Türk ve Altay Haklarında Karşıtlık Türk kültüründe bu sayılan kavramların ve simgelerinin tamamı birbiriyle iç içe geçmiştir. Bazen Ak Koç ve Kara Koç olarak, bazen Ülgen ve Erlik olarak, bazen Od ve Su olarak tezahür ederler. İşte yukarıda değinilen zıtlığın olumlu yönünün ağır basması olgusu Türklerde simetrik veya denk olmayan (yâni asimetrik) karşıtlık anlayışını ortaya koyar ki, tam da bu noktada çok ilginç bir biçimde kendisini gösteren bir unsur bu durumun en güzel örneğini oluşturur.
Türk kültürünün özünde yer alan ilk ve temel karşıtlık sanıldığının aksine Ak ve Kara değildir. Temel karşıtlık Ak ve Al biçiminde açıkça belirginleşir. Bunlara Al İnancı ve Ağ İnancı da denilebilir. Diğer karşıtlıklar hep buradan türemiştir.
Al (Hal, Gal): Ateşi, toprağı, kötülüğü, yalnızlığı, tek rakamları ortaya koyar. Kötü ruhlar hep bu külte bağlıdır. Al, ateşin rengidir. Hal Dili (Al Dili) adı verilen bir dil kötücül ruhlara aittir ve tersine konuşmayı (hem ters okumayı hem de tersini söylemeyi) içerir.Ak (Ağ): Suyu, gökyüzünü, iyiliği, dayanışmayı, çift rakamları içerir. İyi ruhlar daima bu kült içerisinde yer alırlar. Ak, suyun rengidir. Akrar adlı bir kült ile bağlantılıdır.Türk kültüründeki asimetrik diğer karşıtlık ise Ak ve Gök karşıtlığıdır. Her ikisi de olumlu anlamlar içermesine karşın Ak renk daima hükümdarlığı temsil ettiği için ön plandadır. Ak Orda ve Gök Orda.
Yine yer ve gök karşıtlığında Gök hep üstün ve baskın durumdadır. Ak ve Kara ayrışması, Yer ve Gök karşıtlığı daha sonra ve Al ve Ak karşıtlığını da bir biçimde içlerinde barındırmaya devam ederek ortaya çıkmışlardır. Çift rakamlar, tek olanlardan daima fazla ve baskındır. Su ateşi söndürür ve gökten yağmur olarak iner. Toprak su olmadan yeşermez.
Bu nedenle iyilik hep baskındır. Masallarda iyiler hep kazanırlar. Karşıtlık kavramı Türk Mitolojisinde ayrıca Tersine Olma durumu ile de ortaya çıkar. Buna göre başka âleme ait varlıklar tıpkı bir ayna gibi solunu ve sağını yer değiştirmiştir. Bu nedenle farklı görünüş ve davranışlara sahiptirler.
Örneğin bir Albısa gitmesini söylemek için gel demek gerekir. Çünkü ne denirse tersini yapacaktır. Ayrıca bazı varlıklara da kurulacak cümleyi tersten okumak gerekir. Çorların ayakları terstir. Masallarda ters çevrilmiş kazanlarda pişen yemeklerden bahsedilir. Konrul ve Toğrul Kuşları et istediğinde su, tam tersine su istediğinde et verilmelidir. Öte dünyadaki hayvanlar tersine yemlenir. “Ata et, ite ot” verilir.
Atlar tersine nallanır. Anadolunun bazı yörelerinde en çok korkulan büyü Kuran-ı Kerim’in tersine okunmasıyla yapılandır ki, buna en acımasız ve güçlü büyücüler bile kolay kolay cesâret edemezler, çünkü çok tehlikelidir. Bazı Türk boyları yas tutarken elbiseleri ters giyerler. Bazı rüyâlar bu nedenle tersine yorumlanır.
Karşıtlık: Aydınlığın Bitmeyen Savaşı 16 Türk kültüründe en çok bilinen, en sık rastlanan veya en çok kullanılan karşıtlıklar şunlardır:
Ak ve Kara (Siyah ve Beyaz) Aydınlık ve Karanlık (Nur ve Zulmet) Yaruk ve Karuk (Nur ve Zulmet)Yaruğ ve Oduğ (Nur ve Nar) Yalabuk ve Karanuk (Nur ve Zulmet) Gündüz (Kün) ve Tündüz (Tün) (Gündüz ve Gece) Erkek ve İşkek (Adam ve Kadın) Gişi/Kişi ve Tişi/Dişi (Adam ve Kadın) Su ve Od (Mai ve Ateş) Yaşam ve Ölüm (Hayat ve Memat) Yer ve Gök (Arz ve Sema) Sağ ve Sol (Eymen ve Eyser) Geçmiş ve Gelecek (Mazi ve Ati)
Doğu ve Batı (Şark ve Garb) İyilik ve Kötülük (Hayır ve Şer) Bayığ ve Yazığ (Sevap ve Günah) Onağ ve Yasağ (Helal ve Haram) Teklik ve Çokluk (Yek ve Kesret) Uçmağ ve Tamağ (Cennet ve Cehennem ) Bur ve Buk (İyi Ruh ve Kötü Ruh ), Aya ve Aza (İyicil Varlık ve Kötücül Varlık)Beyrü ve Bengü (Ezel ve Ebed)
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Ben Serkan. Mitoloji destanlar ve tarih konusunda sizlere en iyi bilgileri sunmak hazırlamak için buradayım. Herkese sevgi ve saygılarımla...
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