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Ullikummi Şarkısı: Kumarbi ve Teşup - Mitoloji Ullikummi Şarkısı Ullikummi Şarkısı , konu olarak Kumarbi efsanesinin devamında Teşup’un krallığında geçmektedir.
Ullikummi Şarkısı , İki tanrı olan Kumarbi ve Teşup arasındaki çatışma ve rekabeti ele alır. Kumarbi, Teşup’un güçlenmesini ve krallığını sürdürmesini engellemeye çalışırken, Ullikummi adındaki dev bir giyotin, Kumarbi’nin gizli bir planıyla oluşturulur. Ullikummi, yarı tanrı ve yarı insan olarak, Teşup ve onu koruyan tanrılara karşı koyabilecek güçlü bir varlık olma özelliğine sahiptir. Şarkıda, Ullikummi’nin doğumu, büyümesi ve nihayetinde Teşup’a karşı savaş açması ile ilgili olaylar anlatılmaktadır. Kumarbi’nin karanlık niyetleri ve Ullikummi’nin güçlenmesi, tanrılar arasında büyük bir çatışmaya yol açar. Teşup, kendisini korumak için eski tanrıların yardımını talep ederken, Ullikummi’nin gücünün doruğuna ulaştığını görür.
Ullikummi Şarkısı: Kumarbi ve Teşup 12 Bu destansı hikaye, mitolojik unsurların yanı sıra, güç arayışı, ihanet ve dostluğun karmaşık doğası üzerine de derinlemesine bir bakış sunar. Ullikummi, sadece bir savaşçı değil, aynı zamanda doğanın ve evrenin denge unsuru olarak da önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Zamanla, mücadeleye dönüştüğü bu çatışma, mitolojinin öğretilerini ve derslerini de gözler önüne serer. Şarkının sonunda, her iki tarafın da kayıplar verdiği ve yaralar aldığı bir anlaşma önerilir. Bu, Tanrıların ve doğanın döngüsel yapısını simgeler ; her sonun yeni bir başlangıç olduğunu vurgular. Ullikummi’nin varlığı, sadece bir tehdidi değil, aynı zamanda Tanrıların ve insanların birbirleriyle olan ilişkisini de sorgulatan bir figür haline gelir. Ullikummi Şarkısı, kendi içinde barındırdığı zengin semboller ve derin anlamlarla, Anadolu mitolojisinin en önemli parçalarından biri olarak günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır.
Burada bir parantez açıp, “şarkı” sözcüğü üzerinde durmak gerekmektedir. Dinçol bunu şöyle açıklamaktadır :
“Yabancı kökenli metinlerin bir özelliği, onların anadolu kökenliler gibi ayinler içinde yer almaması, baş bölümlerinde belirtildiği gibi birer bağımsız şarkı sayılmasıdır. Şarkı terimi bu tür edebiyat ürünleri için Ortaçağ’a kadar kullanılmış bir sözcüktür. Germen efsanelerinden en ünlüsüne Neibelungen Şarkısı denildiği akıldan çıkarılmamalıdır. Bu bakımdan, şarkı sözcüğünün destan anlamında kullanılmış olduğunu söylemekte bir sakınca yoktur.”
Şarkı sözcüğünü de açıkladıktan sonra efsanenin konusuna bakabiliriz :
Anlaşıldığına göre Kumarbi yenilmiş ve tahtta Teşup oturmaktadır. Ancak Kumarbi bunu hazmedemez:
Ullikummi Şarkısı “Kumarbi aklını toparlar (düşünür). Uğursuz bir günde kötü bir insan yetiştirir. O Teşup’a karşı kötülük planlar. O Teşup’ a karşı bir asi çıkarır. […] (Kumarbi) eline bir asa aldı. [Ayaklarına ayakkabı olarak] hızlı rüzgarları koydu. O Urkiš şehrine yola çıktı ve Soğuk Pınar’a vardı. Şimdi Soğuk Pınar’da bir kaya bulunur: onun boyu üç fersah ve genişliği […] ve yarım fersahtır. Onun vaginası ise […fersahtır. Onu görünce] aklı başından fırladı ve o kaya ile sevişti. Erkeklik organını onun içine batırdı. O beş kez oldu. O on kez oldu. “
Tabletteki kırıklardan metnin devamı tam anlaşılamamaktadır ancak, Deniz tanrısının yardım ettiğini ve çocuğun doğduğunu öğrenebiliyoruz. Kumarbi bu çocuğa Ullikummi adını verir :
“Kumarbi kendi kendine söylenmeye başladı : Kader tanrıçaları ve ana tanrıçaların bana verdiği çocuğa ne isim koyacağım. […] Varsın onun ismi Ullikummi olsun. O krallığa gökyüzüne gitsin. Güzel Kummiia şehrini sıkıştırsın. Teşup’a vursun. Onu saman gibi doğrasın. Onu bir karınca [gibi] ayakları ile ezsin.”
Ullikummi sözcük olarak Kummiia’nın yıkıcısı anlamına gelmektedir. Kummiia ise Fırtına Tanrısının kentidir. Metinden de anlaşılacağı gibi Kumarbi bu doğan çocuğun Teşup’tan kendi intikamını almasını beklemektedir. Bu çocuğun Teşup’un haberi olmadan yetişmesi için gizler, ancak güneş tanrı bu süratle büyüyen ve canavarlaşan çocuğu görür ve Teşup’a haber verir. Teşup erkek kardeşi Tašmišu ve kız kardeşi Šaušga ile Hazzi dağına gider ve canavarı bulur. Ancak Ullikummi alt edilebilecek gibi değildir.
Kırık tabletlerden anlaşılabildiği kadarı ile Teşup savaş hazırlıkların başlamıştır. Savaşa tutuşur, ancak başarılı olamaz. Taş canavar Ullikummi Teşup’u ve yanındaki yetmiş tanrıyı yener.
Teşup’un kardeşi Tašmišu yenilginin haberini Teşup’un karısı Hepat’a bildirir ve yeniden Teşup’un yanına döner. Tašmišu, Teşup’a tanrı Ea’dan yardım istemesini söyler. İki kardeş Ea’ya giderler. Tablet buralarda kırıktır. Ancak onları Ubelluri ile konuşurken buluruz. Ubelluri Atlas gibi dünyayı sırtında taşıyan bir devdir. Ullikummi de onun omuzunda büyümüştür. Ubelluri sağ omzunda bir şey olduğunu söyleyince Ullikummi’nin orada büyüdüğü anlaşılır ve Ea eski tarılara seslenir :
“Eski sözleri bilen ilk tanrılar sözümü duyun. Eskiden, babadan, büyükbabadan olan mühür evlerini tekrar açın. Ecdadımın mühürlerini getirsinler. Onu orada mühürlesinler. Yeryüzü ve gökyüzünü ayırdıkları (kestikleri) bakırdan eski kesici aleti getirsinler. Biz, Kumarbi’nin bir asi olarak tanrılara karşı yüceltiği (büyüttüğü) bazalt Ullikummi’nin ayaklarını keseceğiz.”
Ullikummi’nin ayakları kesilince güçsüz kalır. Teşup ve tanrılar Ullikummi ile savaşmaya başlar. Metnin sonu kırıktır, ama burada Teşup’un zaferinin anlatıldığı düşünülmektedir.
Bu efsane de Yunan mitolojisindeki bazı motifleri anımsatmaktadır.
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