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Ötüğ veya Dua: Türk Altay İnancında Yakarma - Mitoloji Ötüğ veya Dua ÖtüğÖtüğ, Türk ve Altay halk kültüründe Tanrı ’ya yalvarma, dileme ve isteme anlamlarını içeren bir dua şeklidir. Ötümek (Ötükmek) ise “dua etmek” fiili ile kullanılır. Kökü Öt/Öd kelimesinden gelir ve zaman, zamanın geçişi ve yakarma anlamlarına sahiptir. Aynı zamanda ahenkli ses çıkarma anlamını da içerir.
Ötüğ – Türk ve Altay halk kültüründe dua. Yakarma, Tanrıya yalvarma , dileme, isteme. Ötüg veya Ötük olarak da söylenir. En yalın olarak, bir şeyin gerçekleşmesini ve kötü durumlardan korunmayı Tanrıdan istemek olarak tanımlanabilir.
Ötümek (Ötüğmek, Ötükmek) “dua etmek” fiili ile de kullanılır. Sözcük, Öt/Öd kökünden türemiştir. Zaman, zamanın geçişi ve yakarma anlamlarını içerir. Ahenkli ses çıkarmak mânâsı vardır.
Ötüğ veya Dua: Türk Altay İnancında Yakarma 14 SahSah – Türk ve Yakut halk inancında ve Sibirya şamanizminde ayinlerde ve dualarda kullanılan bir sözcük “Âmin” anlamına gelir. Sak veya Sag olarak da söylenir. Eski Türkçe’de ve Yakutça’da Tanrı anlamında kullanılmış.
Daha sonra ise duaların sonunda “Tanrı Kabul Etsin” anlamında yinelenen bir sözcük hâline dönüşmüştür. Sözcükde, dikkatlilik, tedbir, sağlamlık ve sağlık anlamları bulunur. Moğolca Sahıh sözcüğü korumak anlamı taşır. Türkçedeki Saklamak fiili ile aynı kökten gelir.
Ötüğ Örneği
Kuman Türkçesiyle Macaristana kadar ulaşmış olan ve Göktanrıya yakarış içeren bir kam ötüğü şöyledir:
Bizim atamız kimsing kökte (Bizim atamız kimdir gökte)
Sentlensing sening adıng (Yücelsin senin adın)
Düşsün senin könglügüng (Hoş olsun senin gönlün)
Neçik kim cerde alay kökte (Nice hem yerde tüm gökte)
Bizing ekmeğimizni ber (Bize ekmeğimizi ver)
Bizge büt bütün künde (Bize bütün günlerde)
İlet bizing minimizni (İlet bizim benliğimizi)
Neçik kim biz iyermiz (Nice biz boyun eğeriz)
Bizge ötrü kelgenge (Bize emir geldiğinde)
İlitme bizi ol camanga (İletme bizi hiç kötülüğe)
Kutkar bizi ol camannan (Kurtar bizi her kötülükten)
Sen barsıng bu küçli (Sen varsın bu güçte)
Bu çin iygi Tengri (Bu gerçeklikte yüce Tanrı)
DuaDua (Türkçe okunuşuyla Duğa ) – Kalbin Allah’a yönelmesi ve ondan yardım istemesidir. Yakarış mânasına gelen Arapça kökenli sözcük. Tanrı’ya yalvarma, yakarış için söylenen dinî metin. Bir veya birkaç cümleden oluşabileceği gibi uzun bir metin de olabilir. Ayrıca çeşitli bedensel hareketler de içerebilir. Dua özellikle tektanrılı dinlerde çok önemli bir yere sâhip olsa da, çoktanrılı dinlerde çok çeşitli dua formları görülebilir.
Ötüğ veya Dua: Türk Altay İnancında Yakarma 15 Tektanrılı dinler için İbrahimi dinler olarak tanımlanabilecek üç semavi dinin (Musevilik, Hıristiyanlık, İslamiyet) kendi içlerinde benzeşen ve diğer tektanrılı dinlerden bazı noktalarda farklılaşmış bir dua kavramı ve anlayışı vardır.
Dua, bir çağrı, bir yakarış ve küçükten büyüğe, aşağıdan yukarıya, arzdan gök ötesine bir yöneliş, bir talep, bir niyaz ve bir iç dökmedir.
Çuvaşlar Çüke sözcüğünü dua anlamında kullanırlar. Örneğin Uy Çüke (Tarla Duası) ve Sumır Çüke (Yağmur Duası) bu kültürde önemli bir yere sâhiptir. Dualarda Turı’ya (Tek Tanrı’ya) yakarılır.
Bir Çuvaş duası şöyledir:
Sülti Turı! Serte patşa sırlah aşa kasar por ıvıl herem pele por molımpala horıntaş ırupala sene tırıpala, horanlı pıttımpa, piçekelle sırampa, çonımpala savsa, çuk tıvatıp, tasa çonpa pussapatıp, tav tıvatıp. Sırlah aslı sülti Turı, serti patşa. Hora halıhna sıvlıhna par, ırlıhna par, pire porınmaşkın par, pereketne par, ikselmi tivletne par.
(Yüce Tanrı! Sen göktekilerin de yerdekilerin de egemenisin. Bağışla ve koru bizi. Oğullarımı, kızlarımı bütün ev halkımı ve akrabalarımı. Sana hediye ve kurban olarak içecekler ve yiyecekler sunuyorum. Bunlar yeni üründen yapılmıştır. Bunlarla birlikte gayretle ve şükranla yanan gönlümüzü sana sunarız. Ve senin yüceliğin önünde secde ederek, dua ederiz. Göktanrısı ve yer hükümdarı. Fakir halkımıza huzur, barış ve bolluk ver. İçecek ve yiyecekle dolmuş kaplarımız eksilmesin.)
Yağmur DuasıYağmur Duası – Yağmur yağması için yapılan dua. İslâmiyette sık rastlanan biy uygulamadır. Çoğunlukla geniş ve açık bir alanda yapılır. Yola çıkılınca hamd ve dua edilir. Peygamber Efendimizin yağmur duası yaptığı rivâyet olunur.
Ötüğ veya Dua: Türk Altay İnancında Yakarma 16 Önce iki rekat namaz kılınır. İmam, asaya dayanıp hutbe okur. Sonra kıbleye dönüp avuçlarını semaya karşı açık olarak omuz hizasına kadar kaldırıp ayakta dua eder. Hazır olanlar oturarak âmin derler. Yalnız yağmur duasında eller omuzdan yukarı kaldırılır. Çünkü bir şey istemek için yapılan dualarda, avuçları semaya karşı açılır. Yağmur duasında, ara vermeden 3 gün çıkmak, eski yamalı elbise giymek, duaya giderken sadaka vermek, 3 gün oruç tutmak, çokça tövbe etmek, kul haklarını ödemek, hayvanları dışarı salmak, ihtiyarları ve çocukları da çıkarmak sünnettir.
Ötümek (Ötüğmek, Ötükmek) – Dua Etmek. Yakarmak. Tanrıya yalvarmak. (Öt/Öd) kökünden türemiştir . Ahenkli ses çıkarmak anlamı vardır. Zaman ve yakarma anlamları içerir.
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